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The trails on this page are the ones where the 4x4 is not a preference but the only way in. The Richtersveld, in the far north-west, is a mountain desert of rock and quiver trees along the Orange River, with river-sand tracks and long stretches without fuel. The Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park has dune-country 4x4 eco trails between its camps. Namaqualand and the Cederberg add sandy passes and, from August, the spring flowers. In the east, Sani Pass climbs from the KwaZulu-Natal Berg into Lesotho on a road that is still gravel switchbacks near the summit, and the Baviaanskloof crosses the Eastern Cape mountains on a track with river fords and no tar for its whole length.
Season matters more here than on any other page. The Richtersveld and the Kgalagadi are for the cooler months, from April to September, when the days are bearable and the nights cold. Namaqualand is a spring trip for the flowers. The Baviaanskloof and Sani Pass are best in the dry winter, as heavy rain closes the river crossings and the pass can see snow.
Stays here are the bases: farm cottages at the mouth of a kloof, rest camps inside the parks, guesthouses in the last town before the gravel. Most hosts can advise on road conditions, permits and fuel, and several run guided trips. Pair a desert trail with stargazing under some of the darkest skies in the country, or a mountain one with a hike or a canoe day on the Orange River.
The dry, cooler months from April to September for the Richtersveld, the Kgalagadi and the Northern Cape deserts, where summer heat is severe. August and September for Namaqualand, when the flowers are out. Winter for the Baviaanskloof and Sani Pass, as summer rain floods the river crossings and closes the roads, though the pass can see snow.
The Richtersveld and the Orange River, the Kgalagadi 4x4 eco trails, Namaqualand and the Cederberg passes, the Baviaanskloof through the Eastern Cape mountains, and Sani Pass between KwaZulu-Natal and Lesotho. Our Karoo to Richtersveld route links several of these into one trip.
Park trails such as the Kgalagadi eco trails and the Richtersveld require a permit and often a booking, and some are convoy-only. Sani Pass needs a passport, as the summit is in Lesotho. Baviaanskloof and the farm roads are open, but always ask your host about current conditions before setting out.
Extra fuel and water, a recovery kit, two spare tyres and a way to communicate without signal on the desert trails. Hosts in the last town before the gravel are the best source of advice on fuel stops and what has changed since the last rains.